Sophia Tang

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sophtang [at] seas.upenn.edu

Hi! I am a third-year undergraduate student at the University of Pennsylvania conducting research in generative ML for scientific discovery. Aside from research, I study computer science and statistics in the Jerome Fisher Program in Management & Technology.

Currently, I’m part of the Chatterjee Lab, developing theoretical ML frameworks for biological design, and the Mitchell Lab, designing lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based delivery vehicles to transport mRNA across the blood-brain barrier.

My research ranges from developing theoretical Schrödinger bridge frameworks for generative modelling of branching and interacting particle systems to multi-objective RL and guidance techniques for discrete diffusion - but I’m always exploring new theoretical ideas and thinking about interesting problems to apply them to!

I also write technical articles on my Substack, Alchemy Bio. My most read article, “A Complete Guide to Spherical Equivariant Graph Transformers” (now released on arXiv) is a self-contained guide (99 pages, 46 figures) breaking down the theory behind spherical equivariant graph neural networks (EGNNs) for geometric deep learning.

If you’re also passionate about any of these topics, I would love to connect via LinkedIn or X.

Updates

Mar 20, 2026 New tutorial paper on the Foundations of Schrödinger Bridges for Generative Modeling (220 pages, 24 figures) is out on arXiv!
Jan 26, 2026 Branched Schrödinger Bridge Matching is accepted at ICLR 2026 main! 🌳🧫 Looking forward to presenting in Rio! 🇧🇷
Jan 23, 2026 Awarded the CRA Outstanding Undergraduate Researcher Award (1 of 8 across North America)! Read the news article here!
Nov 11, 2025 EntangledSBM is out! Read our paper on simulating interacting multi-particle systems with a novel Schrödinger bridge matching framework!
Sep 30, 2025 TR2-D2 is out! Read our paper on off-policy RL for discrete diffusion fine-tuning with multi-objective rewards!

Selected Publications

For a full list, see my publications page or google scholar profile.

  1. foundations-sbm.png
    Foundations of Schrödinger Bridges for Generative Modeling
    Sophia Tang
    arXiv, Preprint, Mar 2026
  2. entangled.gif
    Entangled Schrödinger Bridge Matching
    Sophia Tang , Yinuo Zhang and Pranam Chatterjee
    arXiv, Preprint, Nov 2025
  3. tr2d2-anim.gif
    TR2-D2: Tree Search Guided Trajectory-Aware Fine-Tuning for Discrete Diffusion
    Sophia Tang* , Yuchen Zhu* , Molei Tao and Pranam Chatterjee
    arXiv, Preprint, Sep 2025
  4. branchsbm.png
    Branched Schrödinger Bridge Matching
    Sophia Tang , Yinuo Zhang , Alexander Tong and Pranam Chatterjee
    14th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR 2026), Jun 2025
  5. peptune-vid.gif
    PepTune: De Novo Generation of Therapeutic Peptides with Multi-Objective-Guided Discrete Diffusion
    Sophia Tang* , Yinuo Zhang* and Pranam Chatterjee
    42nd International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2025), Dec 2024